项目名称： 不同人为热环境下城市景观格局气温调节功能的动态研究

项目编号： No.41471150

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 孙然好

作者单位： 中国科学院生态环境研究中心

项目金额： 86万元

中文摘要： 城市景观对气温的调节功能是增温还是降温，及其产生条件和季节动态均是城市景观规划亟需解决的问题，而人为热环境和景观格局的协同作用尚不明确。本项目针对北京市五环区域，通过大比例尺基础地理数据和调查资料，评价不同城市功能区的人为热强度和动态变化；基于多时相热红外遥感影像和小气候监测数据，采用景观格局分析和空间分析技术，辨识典型绿地和水体景观气温调节功能的范围和强度；针对不同人为热环境，辨识绿地和水体景观的气温调节功能与人为热增温效应的相互作用范式，评价气温调节功能的产生条件和季节动态，揭示景观类型、面积、结构、连通性等格局特征对气温调节功能的贡献程度，构建基于热环境改善的城市景观优化模型。本项目通过对气温调节功能的内因（景观类型和格局）和外因（人为热强度和动态）分析，揭示景观格局和生态功能的关系，有助于准确理解格局-过程-功能的理论框架，为城市热环境优化和节能减排提供针对性的科学依据。

中文关键词： 景观格局；景观规划；景观配置；景观动态；生态系统服务

英文摘要： Urban microclimate is closely correlated with the types and patterns of landscape in the urban environment. The fundamental goal of landscape planning is to create a living area that matches the local environment and meets the human needs. However, relatively less research is available to reveal the scale and intensity of the temperature regulation function of the green and blue landscape in different seasons. Moreover, the impact of landscape patterns on the temperature regulation function is not clear under the background of urban anthropogenic heat. This study aims to reveal the synergetic effect of cooling and heat effects in urban areas, and quantify the relative contribution of landscape patterns on the temperature regulation function. First, this study identifies the dynamic changes of urban anthropogenic heat inside the fifth ring-road of Beijing by using the large-scale municipal surveying and investigation data. Second, the land surface and air temperature are obtained from multi-temporal thermal infrared images and field monitoring data. The scale and intensity of temperature regulation are identified for the representative green and blue landscape by using the methods of landscape pattern and spatial analysis in different months. Third, the synergetic effect of cooling and heat effects is quantified under the background of unified anthropogenic heat environment. The dynamic changes of thermal environment are also investigated in different months. Last, according to the different scenarios of anthropogenic heat, we can quantify the relative contribution of landscape patterns on the temperature regulation function, such as the landscape type, area, configuration, and connectivity. A decision-making model should be developed by the weighted landscape indicators for urban planners to create more comfortable outdoor environment. This study could provide a more accurate explanation of the relationship between the landscape pattern and ecological function by analyzing the internal causes from landscape patterns and external causes from the anthropogenic heat. The results of this study can provide useful implications to reveal the interrelation among landscape patterns, ecological processes, and ecological functions. The results can also provide practical approaches to guide decisions in urban landscape design targeted to mitigate urban heat island effects, conserve energy, and reduce emissions.

英文关键词： Landscape pattern;Landscape planning;Landscape configuration;Landscape dynamic;Ecosystem service