Diabetes Mellitus (DM) can lead to significant microvasculature disruptions that eventually causes diabetic retinopathy (DR), or complications in the eye due to diabetes. If left unchecked, this disease can increase over time and eventually cause complete vision loss. The general method to detect such optical developments is through examining the vessels, optic nerve head, microaneurysms, haemorrhage, exudates, etc. from retinal images. Ultimately this is limited by the number of experienced ophthalmologists and the vastly growing number of DM cases. To enable earlier and efficient DR diagnosis, the field of ophthalmology requires robust computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. Our review is intended for anyone, from student to established researcher, who wants to understand what can be accomplished with CAD systems and their algorithms to modeling and where the field of retinal image processing in computer vision and pattern recognition is headed. For someone just getting started, we place a special emphasis on the logic, strengths and shortcomings of different databases and algorithms frameworks with a focus on very recent approaches.

翻译：Mellitus (DM) 糖尿病可能导致严重的微血管紊乱,最终导致糖尿病视网膜病(DR)或糖尿病导致眼部并发症。如果不加控制,这种疾病会随着时间而增加,最终导致完全视力丧失。检测这种光学发展的一般方法是从视网膜图像中检查容器、视神经头、显微神经素、出血、出血、出血等。最终,这受到有经验的眼科医生人数和DM病例数量大幅增加的限制。为了能够进行早期高效的DR诊断,眼科领域需要强有力的计算机辅助诊断系统。我们的审查是针对从学生到成熟的研究人员,他们想了解CAD系统及其算法可以完成什么,以及计算机视觉和模式识别中的视线图像处理领域正在走向。对于刚刚开始的某人,我们特别强调了不同数据库和算法框架的逻辑、长处和缺点,重点是最近的处理办法。