This paper addresses a drawback of massive multiple-input multiple-output Maximum Ratio Transmission beamforming. In some propagation conditions, when the base station serves the same target user equipment for a long period, it reduces the transmit power (and degrades the received power) to avoid creating high exposure regions located in the vicinity of the antenna and concentrated in few directions (corresponding to the best propagation paths between the antenna and the receiver). In this paper, we propose a novel electromagnetic field aware beamforming scheme, which (i) spreads the beamforming radiation pattern in the angular domain by adding artificial propagation paths thanks to reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, (ii) truncates the pattern in strong directions, and (iii) boosts it in weak directions. Compared to existing solutions, it maximizes the received power. However, it also consumes more power. Finally, truncation alone is the best trade-off between received power and energy efficiency, under exposure constrain.

翻译：本文讨论了大规模多输出多输出最大传输比率变化的缺陷。 在一些传播条件下,当基地站长期使用相同的目标用户设备时,它会降低传输功率(并降低接收功率),以避免在天线附近产生高照射区域,并且集中在几个方向(相当于天线和接收器之间最佳传播路径 ) 。在本文中,我们提出了一个新的电磁场有意识的波形成形计划,该计划(一) 通过在可重新配置的智能表面添加人工传播路径,在角域传播波形辐射模式,(二) 将模式向强方向调整,(三) 将其推向弱方向。与现有解决方案相比,它会最大限度地增加获得的功率。然而,它也消耗了更多的功率。最后,在暴露制约下,光是电和能源效率之间的最佳交换。