Analytic Translation Quality Evaluation (TQE), based on Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM), traditionally uses a linear error-to-penalty scale calibrated to a reference sample of 1000-2000 words. However, linear extrapolation biases judgment on samples of different sizes, over-penalizing short samples and under-penalizing long ones, producing misalignment with expert intuition. Building on the Multi-Range framework, this paper presents a calibrated, non-linear scoring model that better reflects how human content consumers perceive translation quality across samples of varying length. Empirical data from three large-scale enterprise environments shows that acceptable error counts grow logarithmically, not linearly, with sample size. Psychophysical and cognitive evidence, including the Weber-Fechner law and Cognitive Load Theory, supports this premise by explaining why the perceptual impact of additional errors diminishes while the cognitive burden grows with scale. We propose a two-parameter model E(x) = a * ln(1 + b * x), a, b > 0, anchored to a reference tolerance and calibrated from two tolerance points using a one-dimensional root-finding step. The model yields an explicit interval within which the linear approximation stays within +/-20 percent relative error and integrates into existing evaluation workflows with only a dynamic tolerance function added. The approach improves interpretability, fairness, and inter-rater reliability across both human and AI-generated translations. By operationalizing a perceptually valid scoring paradigm, it advances translation quality evaluation toward more accurate and scalable assessment. The model also provides a stronger basis for AI-based document-level evaluation aligned with human judgment. Implementation considerations for CAT/LQA systems and implications for human and AI-generated text evaluation are discussed.

翻译：基于多维质量度量（MQM）的分析型翻译质量评估（TQE）传统上采用线性误差-惩罚尺度，并针对1000-2000词的参考样本进行校准。然而，线性外推法对不同规模样本的判断存在偏差，导致短样本被过度惩罚而长样本惩罚不足，从而与专家直觉产生错位。本文基于多范围框架，提出一种经过校准的非线性评分模型，能更准确地反映人类内容消费者对不同长度样本翻译质量的感知。来自三个大规模企业环境的实证数据表明，可接受误差数量随样本规模呈对数增长而非线性增长。心理物理学与认知证据（包括韦伯-费希纳定律和认知负荷理论）支持这一前提，解释了为何额外误差的感知影响会递减，而认知负担却随规模增长。我们提出双参数模型 E(x) = a * ln(1 + b * x)（a, b > 0），该模型锚定参考容错度，并通过一维求根步骤从两个容错点进行校准。该模型可生成明确区间，使线性近似保持在±20%相对误差范围内，仅需添加动态容错函数即可集成至现有评估流程。该方法提升了人工翻译与AI生成翻译在可解释性、公平性和评分者间信度方面的表现。通过实施感知有效的评分范式，推动了翻译质量评估向更精准、可扩展的方向发展。该模型还为基于AI的文档级评估提供了更坚实的理论基础，使其更符合人类判断。文中还讨论了计算机辅助翻译/语言质量保证系统的实施考量，以及对人工与AI生成文本评估的启示。