Joint activity describes when more than one agent (human or machine) contributes to the completion of a task or activity. Designing for joint activity focuses on explicitly supporting the interdependencies between agents necessary for effective coordination among agents engaged in the joint activity. This builds and expands upon designing for usability to further address how technologies can be designed to act as effective team players. Effective joint activity requires supporting, at minimum, five primary macrocognitive functions within teams: Event Detection, Sensemaking, Adaptability, Perspective-Shifting, and Coordination. Supporting these functions is equally as important as making technologies usable. We synthesized fourteen heuristics from relevant literature including display design, human factors, cognitive systems engineering, cognitive psychology, and computer science to aid the design, development, and evaluation of technologies that support joint human-machine activity.

翻译：联合活动指多个智能体（人类或机器）共同参与完成某项任务或活动的过程。联合活动设计旨在明确支持智能体间的相互依赖关系，这对于参与联合活动的智能体实现有效协调至关重要。该设计理念在可用性设计的基础上进一步拓展，致力于探索如何将技术设计为高效的团队协作者。有效的联合活动至少需要支持团队内的五项核心宏观认知功能：事件检测、意义建构、适应性、视角转换与协调。支持这些功能与确保技术可用性同等重要。我们综合了来自显示设计、人因工程、认知系统工程、认知心理学及计算机科学等相关文献中的十四项启发式方法，以辅助支持人机联合活动的技术的设计、开发与评估。