Trust plays a critical role in visual data communication and decision-making, yet existing visualization research employs varied trust measures, making it challenging to compare and synthesize findings across studies. In this work, we first took a bottom-up, data-driven approach to understand what visualization readers mean when they say they "trust" a visualization. We compiled and adapted a broad set of trust-related statements from existing inventories and collected responses to visualizations with varying degrees of trustworthiness. Through exploratory factor analysis, we derived an operational definition of trust in visualizations. Our findings indicate that people perceive a trustworthy visualization as one that presents credible information and is comprehensible and usable. Building on this insight, we developed an eight-item inventory: four core items measuring trust in visualizations and four optional items controlling for individual differences in baseline trust tendency. We established the inventory's internal consistency reliability using McDonald's omega, confirmed its content validity by demonstrating alignment with theoretically-grounded trust dimensions, and validated its criterion validity through two trust games with real-world stakes. Finally, we illustrate how this standardized inventory can be applied across diverse visualization research contexts. Utilizing our inventory, future research can examine how design choices, tasks, and domains influence trust, and how to foster appropriate trusting behavior in human-data interactions.

翻译：信任在可视化数据传达与决策过程中起着至关重要的作用，然而现有可视化研究采用多样化的信任度量方法，导致跨研究结果的比较与综合面临挑战。本研究首先采用自下而上、数据驱动的方法，探究可视化读者声称“信任”某一可视化时的具体内涵。我们整合并改编了现有量表中与信任相关的广泛陈述项，并收集了针对不同可信度水平可视化作品的反馈。通过探索性因子分析，我们得出了可视化信任的可操作化定义。研究结果表明，人们将可信的可视化视为能够呈现可靠信息、且具备可理解性与可用性的表达形式。基于这一发现，我们开发了一个包含八个项目的量表：其中四个核心项目用于测量对可视化的信任程度，另外四个可选项目用于控制个体在基线信任倾向上的差异。我们采用麦克唐纳欧米伽系数验证了量表的内部一致性信度，通过证明其与理论基础的信任维度相吻合确认了内容效度，并借助两项具有现实利益关联的信任博弈实验验证了其效标效度。最后，我们展示了这一标准化量表如何应用于多样化的可视化研究场景。利用本量表，未来研究可深入探究设计选择、任务类型及领域背景如何影响信任，以及如何在人机数据交互中培养恰当的信任行为。