We propose the Medial Skeletal Diagram, a novel skeletal representation that tackles the prevailing issues around compactness and reconstruction accuracy in existing skeletal representations. Our approach augments the continuous elements in the medial axis representation to effectively shift the complexity away from discrete elements. To that end, we introduce generalized enveloping primitives, an enhancement of the standard primitives in medial axis, which ensures efficient coverage of intricate local features of the input shape and substantially reduces the number of discrete elements required. Moreover, we present a computational framework that constructs a medial skeletal diagram from an arbitrary closed manifold mesh. Our optimization pipeline ensures that the resulting medial skeletal diagram comprehensively covers the input shape with the fewest primitives. Additionally, each optimized primitive undergoes a post-refinement process to guarantee an accurate match with the source mesh in both geometry and tessellation. We validate our approach on a comprehensive benchmark of 100 shapes, demonstrating its compactness of the discrete elements and superior reconstruction accuracy across a variety of cases. Furthermore, we exemplify the versatility of our representation in downstream applications such as shape optimization, shape generation, mesh decomposition, mesh alignment, mesh compression, and user-interactive design.

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