When two simulation units in a continuous-time co-simulation are connected via some variable $q$, and both simulation units have an internal state which represents the time integral of $q$, there will generally be a discrepancy between those states due to extrapolation errors. Normally, such extrapolation errors diminish if the macro time step size is reduced. Here we show that, under certain circumstances, step size changes can cause such discrepancies to increase even when the change is towards smaller steps.

翻译：当连续时间协同仿真中的两个仿真单元通过某个变量 $q$ 连接，且两个仿真单元均具有表示 $q$ 时间积分的内部状态时，由于外推误差，这些状态之间通常会出现差异。通常情况下，若宏观时间步长减小，此类外推误差会随之减少。本文表明，在某些情况下，即使步长向更小的方向变化，也可能导致此类差异增大。