The growth of cloud computing has revolutionized data processing and storage capacities to another levels of scalability and flexibility. But in the process, it has created a huge challenge of security, especially in terms of safeguarding sensitive data. Classical security practices, including encryption at rest and during transit, fail to protect data in use and expose it to various possible breaches. In response to this problem , Confidential Computing has been a tool ,seeking to secure data in processing by usage of hardware-based Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs). TEEs, including Intel's Software Guard Extensions (SGX) and ARM's TrustZone, offers protected contexts within the processor, where data is kept confidential ,intact and secure , even with malicious software or compromised operating systems. In this research, we have explored the architecture and security features of TEEs like Intel SGX and ARM TrustZone, and their effectiveness in improving cloud data security. From a thorough literature survey ,we have analyzed the deployment strategies, performance indicators, and practical uses of these TEEs for the same purpose. In addition, we have discussed the issues regarding deployment, possible weaknesses, scalability issues, and integration issues. Our results focuses on the central position of TEEs in strengthening and advancing cloud security infrastructures, pointing towards their ability to create a secure foundation for Confidential Computing.

翻译：云计算的快速发展将数据处理与存储能力提升至前所未有的可扩展性与灵活性水平。然而，这一进程也带来了严峻的安全挑战，尤其是在保护敏感数据方面。传统的安全实践（包括静态加密与传输加密）无法保护使用中的数据，使其暴露于多种潜在威胁之中。为应对这一问题，机密计算应运而生，其通过基于硬件的可信执行环境（TEEs）来保障数据处理过程的安全。TEEs（如Intel的软件防护扩展（SGX）和ARM的TrustZone）在处理器内部提供受保护的执行环境，确保数据即使面对恶意软件或受损操作系统时仍能保持机密性、完整性与安全性。本研究深入探讨了Intel SGX和ARM TrustZone等TEEs的架构与安全特性，及其在增强云数据安全方面的有效性。通过系统的文献调研，我们分析了这些TEEs在云安全场景中的部署策略、性能指标与实际应用案例。此外，本文还讨论了TEEs在部署中面临的挑战，包括潜在漏洞、可扩展性问题以及系统集成难题。研究结果强调了TEEs在强化与推进云安全基础设施中的核心作用，揭示了其为机密计算构建安全基石的巨大潜力。