What breathes life into an embodied agent or avatar? While body motions such as facial expressions, speech and gestures have been well studied, relatively little attention has been applied to subtle changes due to underlying physiology. We argue that subtle pulse signals are important for creating more lifelike and less disconcerting avatars. We propose a method for animating blood flow patterns, based on a data-driven physiological model that can be used to directly augment the appearance of synthetic avatars and photo-realistic faces. While the changes are difficult for participants to "see", they significantly more frequently select faces with blood flow as more anthropomorphic and animated than faces without blood flow. Furthermore, by manipulating the frequency of the heart rate in the underlying signal we can change the perceived arousal of the character.

翻译：我们提出一种方法来刺激血液流动模式,其依据是数据驱动的生理模型,可用来直接增加合成异种和照片现实面貌的外貌。虽然这些变化对于参与者来说很难“看到 ”,但是它们选择血液流动的面孔比没有血液流动的面孔更常见,因为血液流动的形态和动画比脸部更具有人类形态和动画性。此外,我们还可以通过在基本信号中操纵心率的频率来改变人们所感觉到的性格的振奋度。