Throughout the world, poaching has been an ever-present threat to a vast array of species for over many decades. Traditional anti-poaching initiatives target catching the poachers. However, the challenge is far more complicated than catching individual poachers. Poaching is an industry which needs to be fully investigated. Many stakeholders are directly and indirectly involved in poaching activities (e.g., some local restaurants illegally providing meat to tourists). Therefore, stopping or severely decapitating the poaching industry requires a unified understanding of all stakeholders. The best way to uncover these geographical and social relationships is to track the movements of poachers. However, location tracking is challenging in most rural areas where wildlife sanctuaries are typically located. Internet-connected communication (e.g. 3G) technologies typically used in urban cities are not feasible in these rural areas. Therefore, we decided to develop an SMS (short message service) base low-cost tracking system (SMS-TRACCAR) to track poachers. The proposed system was developed to be deployed in Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysia and nearby villages and cities where poachers typically move around. Our evaluations demonstrated that SMS-based tracking could provide sufficient quality (granular) data (with minimum energy consumption) that enable us to monitor poacher vehicle movements within rural areas where no other modern communication technologies are feasible to use. However, it is important to note that our system can be used in any domain that requires SMS-based geo-location tracking. SMS-TRACCAR can be configured to track individuals as well as groups. Therefore, SMS-TRACCAR contributes not only to the wildlife domain but in the wider context as well.

翻译：数十年来,偷猎一直是对广大物种的威胁。传统的反偷猎举措针对偷猎者,但挑战远比抓捕个体偷猎者复杂得多。偷猎是一个需要全面调查的行业。许多利益攸关方直接或间接地参与偷猎活动(例如,一些当地餐馆非法向游客提供肉类)。因此,制止或严重削弱偷猎业需要更加广泛地了解所有利益攸关者。发现这些地理和社会关系的最好办法是跟踪偷猎者的流动。然而,在野生动物保护区通常所在的大多数农村地区,追踪地点是挑战性的挑战。在城市地区,通常使用互联网连接的通信(例如3G)技术是不可行的。因此,我们决定开发一个SMS(短期信息服务)基础低成本的跟踪系统(SMS-TRACCC),以追踪偷猎者。拟议系统是用来跟踪偷猎者的地域和社会关系。在Kinatangan野生生物保护区、沙巴、马来西亚和附近的农村地区,追踪地点的定位是挑战性地域域。 与互联网连接的通信技术(例如3G)通常无法在这些农村地区使用SMS系统进行最起码的能源跟踪。因此,S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-L-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-L-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S