Robophysics investigates the physical principles that govern living-like robots operating in complex, realworld environments. Despite remarkable technological advances, robots continue to face fundamental efficiency limitations. At the level of individual units, locomotion remains a challenge, while at the collective level, robot swarms struggle to achieve shared purpose, coordination, communication, and cost efficiency. This perspective article examines the key challenges faced by bio-inspired robotic collectives and highlights recent research efforts that incorporate principles from active-matter physics and biology into the modeling and design of robot swarms.

翻译：机器人物理学研究在复杂现实环境中运行的类生命机器人所遵循的物理原理。尽管技术取得了显著进步，机器人仍面临根本性的效率限制。在个体单元层面，运动控制依然是一个挑战；而在集体层面，机器人群体难以实现共同目标、协调、通信及成本效益。本文从视角角度审视了受生物启发的机器人集体所面临的关键挑战，并重点介绍了近期将活性物质物理学和生物学原理融入机器人群体建模与设计的研究进展。