Traditional ontology design emphasizes disjoint and exhaustive top-level distinctions such as continuant vs. occurrent, abstract vs. concrete, or type vs. instance. These distinctions are used to structure unified hierarchies where every entity is classified under a single upper-level category. Wikidata, by contrast, does not enforce a singular foundational taxonomy. Instead, it accommodates multiple classification axes simultaneously under the shared root class entity. This paper analyzes the structural implications of Wikidata's polyhierarchical and multi-axial design. The Wikidata architecture enables a scalable and modular approach to ontology construction, especially suited to collaborative and evolving knowledge graphs.

翻译：传统本体设计强调互斥且完备的顶层区分，例如持续体与发生体、抽象与具体、类型与实例。这些区分用于构建统一的层级结构，其中每个实体均被归类于单一的上层类别。相比之下，维基数据并不强制采用单一的基础分类体系，而是在共享根类实体下同时容纳多个分类轴。本文分析了维基数据多层级与多轴设计的结构影响。维基数据的架构支持可扩展且模块化的本体构建方法，尤其适用于协作式与演进式知识图谱。