Scalability remains one of the biggest challenges to the adoption of permissioned blockchain technologies for large-scale deployments. Permissioned blockchains typically exhibit low latencies, compared to permissionless deployments -- however at the cost of poor scalability. Various solutions were proposed to capture "the best of both worlds", targeting low latency and high scalability simultaneously, the most prominent technique being blockchain sharding. However, most existing sharding proposals exploit features of the permissionless model and are therefore restricted to cryptocurrency applications. We present MITOSIS, a novel approach to practically improve scalability of permissioned blockchains. Our system allows the dynamic creation of blockchains, as more participants join the system, to meet practical scalability requirements. Crucially, it enables the division of an existing blockchain (and its participants) into two -- reminiscent of mitosis, the biological process of cell division. MITOSIS inherits the low latency of permissioned blockchains while preserving high throughput via parallel processing. Newly created chains in our system are fully autonomous, can choose their own consensus protocol, and yet they can interact with each other to share information and assets -- meeting high levels of interoperability. We analyse the security of MITOSIS and evaluate experimentally the performance of our solution when instantiated over Hyperledger Fabric. Our results show that MITOSIS can be ported with little modifications and manageable overhead to existing permissioned blockchains, such as Hyperledger Fabric.

翻译：伸缩性仍然是大规模部署采用允许的连锁技术的最大挑战之一。 被允许的连锁链与不许可的连锁链相比,通常表现出低的迟缓性,但以低的缩放性为代价。 提出了各种解决方案,以同时捕捉“最佳世界”和高度缩放性为目标,其中最突出的技术是阻隔性裂缝。 然而,大多数现有的紧凑性建议都利用了无许可模式的特征,因此仅限于加密货币应用程序。 我们介绍了MITOSIS,这是在实际改进可允许的连锁链的伸缩性方面采取的新办法。 我们的系统允许随着更多的参与者加入这个系统,动态地创建连锁链,以满足实际的伸缩性要求。 很显然,它能够将现有的连锁链(及其参与者)分为两个部分 -- -- 迷惑性裂缝隙,即细胞分裂的生物过程。 MITOSIS继承了经允许的连锁的低拉差性,同时通过平行处理保持高的通度。 我们的系统新创建的连锁是完全自主的,可以选择自己的连锁链, 随着更多的参与者加入这个系统的系统,可以选择自己的连锁, 共享的连锁, 共同的连锁, 以便我们自己的协议, 将我们的连结到我们彼此之间的协议, 分析我们彼此之间的同步性地分析。