The increasing availability of brain data within and outside the biomedical field, combined with the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to brain data analysis, poses a challenge for ethics and governance. We identify distinctive ethical implications of brain data acquisition and processing, and outline a multi-level governance framework. This framework is aimed at maximizing the benefits of facilitated brain data collection and further processing for science and medicine whilst minimizing risks and preventing harmful use. The framework consists of four primary areas of regulatory intervention: binding regulation, ethics and soft law, responsible innovation, and human rights.

翻译：生物医学领域内外越来越多地提供大脑数据,加上将人工智能(AI)应用于大脑数据分析,对道德和治理提出了挑战。我们确定了获取和处理大脑数据具有独特的道德影响,并概述了一个多层次的治理框架。这一框架旨在尽量扩大便利的大脑数据收集和进一步科学和医学处理的好处,同时尽量减少风险和防止有害使用。框架包括四个主要监管干预领域:具有约束力的监管、道德和软法律、负责任的创新和人权。