While the Industry 4.0 is idolizing the potential of an artificial intelligence embedded into "things", it is neglecting the role of the human component, which is still indispensable in different manufacturing activities, such as a machine setup or maintenance operations. The present research study first proposes an Industrial Internet pyramid as emergent human-centric manufacturing paradigm within Industry 4.0 in which central is the role of a Ubiquitous Knowledge about the manufacturing system intuitively accessed and used by the manufacturing employees. Second, the prototype of a Service-oriented Digital Twin, which leverage on a flexible ontology-oriented knowledge structure and on augmented reality combined to a vocal interaction system for an intuitive knowledge retrieval and fruition, has been designed and developed to deliver this manufacturing knowledge. Two test-beds, complimentary for the problems in practice (the former on the maintenance-production interface in a large enterprise, the latter majorly focused in production and setups in a small and medium enterprise), show the significant benefits in terms of time, costs and process quality, thus validating the approach proposed. This research shows that a human-centric and knowledge-driven approach can drive the performance of Industry 4.0 initiatives and lead a Smart Factory towards its full potential.

翻译：虽然工业4.0正在将人工智能嵌入“事物”中的潜力偶像化,但它忽视了人类组成部分的作用,而人类组成部分在各种制造业活动,例如机器设置或维护操作中仍然不可或缺。本研究首先提出工业因特网金字塔,作为工业4.0中新出现的以人为中心的制造业范例,其中中心是制造业雇员对制造业系统直接获取和使用Ubiquitus知识的作用。第二,以服务为导向的数字双的原型,利用灵活的面向本体知识结构和扩大现实,将其与直观知识检索和成果的语音互动系统相结合,已经设计并发展成提供这种制造业知识的两张测试台,对实际中的问题(前者是大型企业的维护-生产接口,后者主要侧重于中小企业的生产和设置)进行补充,显示在时间、成本和流程质量方面的巨大好处,从而验证所提出的方法。这一研究表明,以人为中心的知识驱动方法可以推动工业4.0的全方位举措和智能前导力。