Realizing a shared responsibility between providers and consumers is critical to manage the sustainability of HPC. However, while cost may motivate efficiency improvements by infrastructure operators, broader progress is impeded by a lack of user incentives. We conduct a survey of HPC users that reveals fewer than 30 percent are aware of their energy consumption, and that energy efficiency is among users' lowest priority concerns. One explanation is that existing pricing models may encourage users to prioritize performance over energy efficiency. We propose two transparent multi-resource pricing schemes, Energy- and Carbon-Based Accounting, that seek to change this paradigm by incentivizing more efficient user behavior. These two schemes charge for computations based on their energy consumption or carbon footprint, respectively, rewarding users who leverage efficient hardware and software. We evaluate these two pricing schemes via simulation, in a prototype, and a user study.

翻译：实现提供者与消费者之间的共同责任对于管理高性能计算（HPC）的可持续性至关重要。然而，尽管成本可能激励基础设施运营商改进效率，但缺乏用户激励阻碍了更广泛的进展。我们通过对HPC用户的一项调查发现，仅有不到30%的用户了解其能源消耗情况，且能源效率在用户关注事项中优先级最低。一种解释是，现有的定价模型可能鼓励用户优先考虑性能而非能源效率。我们提出了两种透明的多资源定价方案——基于能源的计费与基于碳的计费，旨在通过激励更高效的用户行为来改变这一范式。这两种方案分别根据计算的能源消耗或碳足迹进行收费，从而奖励那些利用高效硬件和软件的用户。我们通过仿真、原型系统及用户研究对这两种定价方案进行了评估。